HELP TOPIC
PALPITATIONS
Palpitations are a subjective, unpleasant sensation of the heartbeat resulting from changes in the rate, rhythm, or force of contraction. Palpitations may be discussed when the heart beats too forcefully, when the pulse rate is increased, or when the heartbeat rhythm is slightly altered and the patient does not clearly perceive it as excessive. Palpitations can occur in healthy people or may be a sign of illness. This is a symptom that is one of the most common complaints and reasons for reporting to the GP out-of-hours service.
Causes
The main causes of heart palpitations are:
- heart conditions, including disorders of the rhythm or conduction of electrical impulses, as well as organic diseases of the heart muscle,
- mental disorders, mainly including panic attacks and anxiety-related panic attacks, but palpitations are also reported by patients with neurosis, depression, and hypochondriacal disorders.
- stimulants and medications often cause heart palpitations. Psychoactive substances such as alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine are largely responsible for their occurrence, but psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines should not be overlooked,
- metabolic and hormonal disorders that often lead to heart palpitations include hyperthyroidism, an overactive thyroid, menopause, hypoglycemia, and electrolyte disorders,
- anemia,
- pregnancy,
- migraine.
Symptoms
The patient may experience mentally driven symptoms:
- Severe fear, anxiety, and tension;
- A feeling of going crazy;
- Fear of losing control or consciousness;
- A state of depersonalization or derealization.
Symptoms that accompany heart palpitations, which are often reported by patients to the GP, include fatigue, rapid breathing, dizziness, and increased sweating. Patients may experience shortness of breath and problems with balance, or even fainting or loss of consciousness. Some people report feeling discomfort in the chest.
Treatment
Patients struggling with heart palpitations should avoid stressful situations that may in any way contribute to the occurrence of other psychiatric disorders. Of course, we are not able to avoid all stressful situations, but getting more rest or engaging in regular physical activity has a positive effect on our bodies. Patients who go to the doctor with heart palpitations should undergo additional tests to rule out the presence of other heart conditions that may negatively affect heart function. Treatment often includes psychotherapy, in which the patient talks with a specialist about their fears and problems. During psychotherapy, patients learn relaxation exercises to promote calm. In addition, medication may be used as support, usually drugs that promote calm and reduce anxiety.
SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES